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X Force
X Force was the name given to the portion of the National Revolutionary Army's Chinese Expeditionary Force that retreated from Burma into India in 1942. Chiang Kai-shek sent troops into Burma from Yunnan in 1942 to assist the British in holding back the Japanese. These Chinese forces became broken up, and in the retreat out of Burma part of these forces entered India. These were cantoned at Ramgarh Cantonment in Bihar (now in Jharkhand State), brought up to three-Division strength (Chinese 30th, 22nd and 38th Divisions), and re-equipped and re-trained by American instructors at British expense. Each of the three divisions had 12,000 troops, for a total of 36,000 for the whole force.〔"The Much Troubled Alliance: US–China Military Cooperation During the Pacific War", Jan. 6 2015, Emeritus Hsi-sheng Ch'i, p. 427〕 They were named X Force and used by General Joseph Stilwell as the spearhead of his drive to open a land route to China (the Ledo Road). The outstanding Chinese commander in X Force was General Sun Li-Jen, who led the Chinese 38th Division and was praised by the British Fourteenth Army Commander General (later Field Marshal) William Slim in his book ''Defeat into Victory''. The Chinese forces which re-entered Burma from Yunnan were correspondingly known as Y Force.
==China Defensive 1942-1945==
China Defensive 1942-1945 was an essay prepared for the United States Army Center of Military History by Mark D. Sherry.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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